{"id":395717,"date":"2025-10-20T09:56:29","date_gmt":"2025-10-20T07:56:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/optim.studio\/molar\/?p=395717"},"modified":"2026-05-29T08:21:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-29T06:21:36","slug":"un-comerc-ancestral-el-priorat-fenicis-romans-i-mes-enlla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elmolarturisme.cat\/en\/un-comerc-ancestral-el-priorat-fenicis-romans-i-mes-enlla\/","title":{"rendered":"Un comer\u00e7 ancestral: El Priorat, fenicis, romans i m\u00e9s enll\u00e0"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_flex_section\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_flex_row\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et-last-child et_flex_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough et_flex_column_24_24 et_flex_column_24_24_tablet et_flex_column_24_24_phone\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_flex_module\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Les mines de galena (mineral de plom) del terme del Molar s\u2019han conegut i explotat, amb seguretat, des del segle VII aC. La pres\u00e8ncia del Calvari i la seva necr\u00f2polis es deuen, en gran part, a l\u2019exist\u00e8ncia d\u2019aquest recurs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Per\u00f2, com arriba aquest mineral del Priorat a una xarxa comercial a escala del Mediterrani?<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Comencem al segle IX aC el moment en qu\u00e8 els mercats de productes de l\u2019altra punta del mar Mediterrani pateixen un trasbals. A les costes de l\u2019actual S\u00edria, L\u00edban, Israel i Palestina es trobaven un conjunt de ciutats, noms coneguts pels amants del m\u00f3n antic i lectors de textos b\u00edblics: Tir, Biblos o Sid\u00f3 eren algunes de les principals capitals d\u2019una gent que coneixem com a -<strong>fenicis<\/strong>-.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Aquestes i d\u2019altres ciutats eren centres de comer\u00e7, ports i mercats del llevant Mediterrani. Per\u00f2, fa uns 3.000 anys, l\u2019imperi assiri comen\u00e7a una lenta per\u00f2 llarga expansi\u00f3 (arribar\u00e0 a ocupar l\u2019actual Turquia, fins a Ge\u00f2rgia, i els territoris de \u201cfen\u00edcia\u201d). Com acostuma a passar, amb els canvis de fronteres canvien, tamb\u00e9, les rutes de comer\u00e7, i amb l\u2019arribada dels poderosos arriben, tamb\u00e9, els tributs.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Aix\u00ed doncs, es combinen la necessitat de recursos i la dificultat d\u2019aconseguir-los com s\u2019havia fet fins al moment i aquests fenicis, de les costes de llevant, es faran a la mar a la recerca de productes, entre ells, el<strong> plom.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Al sud de la Pen\u00ednsula Ib\u00e8rica, a la vall del Guadalquivir, existia la civilitzaci\u00f3 Tart\u00e8ssia, rica i avan\u00e7ada, i unes terres curulles de recursos. \u00c9s aix\u00ed com els fenicis, al segle IX, fundaran la ciutat de Gadir (actual Cadis) i iniciaran segles de contactes comercials amb la gent del territori. Aniran remuntant la costa fins a terres valencianes, establint ports i col\u00f2nies*, intercanviant productes novedosos i ex\u00f2tics (com la cer\u00e0mica al torn** o el vi) per aquells minerals que necessitaven: la plata, el plom, el coure, l\u2019estany...<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00c9s aquesta cerca dels minerals el que els dur\u00e0, ja al <strong>segle VII aC<\/strong> (fins al 570 aC, quan la ciutat de Tir cau en mans ass\u00edries), fins al <strong>territori Priorat\u00ed<\/strong>, on fenicis de Malaka (M\u00e0laga) i Gadir (Cadis) -o almenys els seus productes- <strong>canviaran la galena argent\u00edfera (mineral de plom i plata) per mercaderies com el vi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#7d1c81\" class=\"has-inline-color\">* Col\u00f2nies: fundacions de nuclis urbans (poblacions, ports, factories...) per part d\u2019un grup hum\u00e0 en un territori ali\u00e8 al seu originari.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#7d1c81\" class=\"has-inline-color\">** T\u00e8cnica de cer\u00e0mica que permetia crear unes peces de parets m\u00e9s fines i delicades, aix\u00ed com m\u00e9s sim\u00e8triques. Inicialment els fenicis van importar les peces ja fetes, posteriorment van importar la t\u00e8cnica en si.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Com se sap tot aix\u00f2?<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Els materials parlen i <strong>a trav\u00e9s de l\u2019arqueologia<\/strong> podem arribar a entendre aquelles informacions que ens expliquen d\u2019on han vingut i on han anat a parar.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Analitzant les \u00e0mfores de cer\u00e0mica trobades al jaciment del Calvari -que contenien vi- podem saber l\u2019indret on s\u2019han produ\u00eft (pel tipus d\u2019argiles amb les que s\u2019han fet i per la forma que se\u2019ls ha donat). De la mateixa manera, els minerals tenen com un \u201ccarnet d\u2019identitat\u201d que els dona la seva composici\u00f3 (quina quantitat espec\u00edfica de cada element cont\u00e9, com cristal\u00b7litza, etc.).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Per exemple, al terme del Molar predomina la pres\u00e8ncia de coure dins la galena i, malgrat que s\u2019hi troba plata, \u00e9s en una quantitat molt minsa. Analitzant la composici\u00f3 dels minerals podr\u00edem determinar de quina mina ha sortit cada fragment<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:heading --><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I els romans?<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Plini el Vell parlava, a la seva Hist\u00f2ria Natural ***, d\u2019un plom que anomenava <strong><em>plumbum nigrum Oleastrense <\/em><\/strong>(fent refer\u00e8ncia a un nucli urb\u00e0 -Oleastrum- entre Dertosa [Tortosa] i Tarraco [Tarragona]) i que, <a href=\"https:\/\/core.ac.uk\/download\/pdf\/61411814.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">segons alguns indicis<\/a>, podria ser el mineral extret de la regi\u00f3 prioratina (en un moment en qu\u00e8 el poblat del Calvari del Molar ja ha estat abandonat).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Als anys vint del segle passat, en un moment de boom&nbsp;de la mineria al Priorat, es van trobar unes <a href=\"https:\/\/raco.cat\/index.php\/RAP\/article\/view\/251601\/336504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">restes curioses<\/a> a l\u2019interior d\u2019un antic pou en la concessi\u00f3 de la mina R\u00e8gia de Bellmunt: diverses lluernes i pics de ferro d\u2019\u00e8poca romana, a una profunditat de 150 m. Els van deixar all\u00ed els propis romans? Va ser durant l\u2019\u00e8poca isl\u00e0mica, havent estat reutilitzats i abandonats posteriorment? Ben dif\u00edcil de discernir.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>El que s\u00ed sabem \u00e9s que romans, \u00e0rabs i cristians****, els diversos pobladors del Priorat, van explotar aquests recursos fins a l\u2019arribada de la mineria industrial, moment en qu\u00e8 canvia completament la relaci\u00f3 entre la mineria i el territori.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#7d1c81\" class=\"has-inline-color\">*** Naturalis Historia XXXIV, 49, 164.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#7d1c81\" class=\"has-inline-color\">**** Els documents que es conserven al fons Enten\u00e7a de l\u2019Arxiu Ducal de Medinaceli, entre d\u2019altres, permeten fer un seguiment de: d\u2019on s\u2019extreia el mineral, on s\u2019enviava, qu\u00e8 se\u2019n feia i d\u2019altres informacions d\u2019inter\u00e8s.<\/mark><\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Textos i imatges: Maria Garcia Barber\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":395719,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[28],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-395717","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-explotacio-i-comerc-del-plom"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Un comer\u00e7 ancestral: El Priorat, fenicis, romans i m\u00e9s enll\u00e0 - Ajuntament del Molar<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Un comer\u00e7 ancestral: El Priorat, fenicis, romans i m\u00e9s enll\u00e0. 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